Novel alkyldiphenylmethane protective agent

ABSTRACT

Provided is an alkyldiphenylmethane protective agent, which can prevent solidification or insolubilization of a compound by protecting a functional group of the compound to achieve easy separation and purification after a reaction. 
     An alkyldiphenylmethane compound represented by general formula (1): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein Y represents —OR 19  (wherein R 19  represents a hydrogen atom or an active ester-type protecting group), NHR 20  (wherein R 20  represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1-6  linear or branched alkyl group, or an aralkyl group), isocyanate group, an azide group, or a halogen atom, Z represents a C 1-4  linear or branched alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or a cycloalkyl group, at least one of R 1  to R 10  represents a group represented by formula (2): 
       —O—R 11 —X-A  (2)
 
     and the others each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a alkyl group, or a C 1-4  alkoxy group; R 11  represents a C 1-16  linear or branched alkylene group; X represents O or CONR 21  (wherein R 21  represents a hydrogen atom or a C 1-4  alkyl group); and A represents, for example, a group represented by formula (3): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein R 12 , R 13 , and R 14  may be the same or different and each independently represent a C 1-6  linear or branched alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group; R 15  represents a single bond or a C 1-3  linear or branched alkylene group; and R 16 , R 17 , and R 18  each independently represent a C 1-3  linear or branched alkylene group.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an alkyldiphenylmethane compound usefulas a protective agent for a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, an aminogroup, an amide group, a mercapto group, or the like.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In synthesis of peptides or various compounds, protection of functionalgroups such as a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, an amino group, anamide group, and a mercapto group may be required for carrying out thereaction. Desirable protecting groups include those which can protectfunctional groups by an easy process and can be eliminated undermoderate conditions. For example, benzyl esters (Bn) and tert-butylester are known as examples of a protecting group for a carboxy group.Recently, it is reported that benzyl alcohol-based compounds anddiphenylmethane-based compounds are useful as protecting groups (PatentLiteratures 1 to 3).

CITATION LIST Patent Literatures

Patent Literature 1: WO 2012/029794 A

Patent Literature 2: WO 2010/113939 A

Patent Literature 3: WO 2017/038650 A

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problem to be Solved by the Invention

There is a drawback that a compound in which a functional group isprotected with a conventional protecting group can easily beprecipitated. Specifically, in peptide synthesis, since such a compoundbecomes insoluble even in an organic solvent, a reaction or separationand purification of the compound after the reaction often becomedifficult. These difficulties in separation and purification are seriousproblems in peptide synthesis in which condensation reactions arecarried out successively.

Under such circumstances, Patent Literature 3 provides a benzyl compoundas a protective group for a carboxy group, which protects a functionalgroup of a compound, which leads to dissolution of the compound in anorganic solvent without solidification or insolubilization, which allowseasy separation and purification of the compound after a reaction.

Meanwhile, in synthesis of peptides in which a carboxy terminal or aside chain is a carboxamide group, a synthesis method includingprotecting the carboxamide group by a diphenylmethane compound has beenwidely used. However, it is difficult to develop a protective groupwhich provides high solubility based on a diphenylmethane-basedcompound.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide adiphenylmethane protective agent, which protects a functional group of acompound, which leads to dissolution of the compound in an organicsolvent without solidification or insolubilization, which allows easyseparation and purification of the compound after a reaction.

Means for Solving the Problem

The present inventors have made investigations on various substituentson phenyl groups of an alkyldiphenylmethane compound which has analiphatic substituent on its methylene portion. As a result, they havefound that a compound in which a functional group is protected with analkyldiphenylmethane compound substituted with an alkyloxy group havinga silyl group at the end is hardly precipitated in an organic solventand easily separated and purified by a liquid-liquid phase separationoperation, and thus the compound is useful as a protective agent for acarboxyamide group, and consequently have made the present invention.

That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [8].

[1] An alkyldiphenylmethane compound represented by general formula (1):

wherein Y represents —OR¹⁹ (wherein R¹⁹ represents a hydrogen atom or anactive ester-type protecting group), —NHR²⁰ (wherein R²⁰ represents ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ linear or branched alkyl group, or an aralkylgroup), an isocyanate group, an azide group, or a halogen atom, Zrepresents a C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or acycloalkyl group, at least one of R¹ to R¹⁰ represents a grouprepresented by formula (2):

—O—R¹¹—X-A  (2)

and the others each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogenatom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group; R¹¹ represents a C₁₋₁₆linear or branched alkylene group; X represents O or CONR²¹ (wherein R²¹represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group); and A represents agroup represented by formula (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10),(11), (12), or (13):

wherein R¹², R¹³, and R¹⁴ may be the same or different and eachindependently represent a C₁₋₆ linear or branched alkyl group or anoptionally substituted aryl group; R¹⁵ represents a single bond or aC₁₋₃ linear or branched alkylene group, and R¹⁶, R¹⁷, and R¹⁸ eachindependently represent a C₁₋₃ linear or branched alkylene group.

[2] The alkyldiphenylmethane compound according to [1], wherein Y is—OR¹⁹ (wherein R¹⁹ represents a hydrogen atom), —NHR²⁰ (wherein R²⁰represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ linear or branched alkyl group, or anaralkyl group), or an isocyanate group.

[3] The alkyldiphenylmethane compound according to [1] or [2], wherein Zis a C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl group.

[4] The alkyldiphenylmethane compound according to any one of [1] to[3], wherein at least one of R¹ to R⁵ and at least one of R⁶ to R¹⁰ areeach independently a group represented by formula (2) and the others areeach independently a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄ alkoxygroup.

[5] The alkyldiphenylmethane compound according to any one of [1] to[4], wherein R¹¹ is a C₂₋₁₆ linear or branched alkylene group.

[6] The alkyldiphenylmethane compound according to any one of [1] to[5], wherein R¹¹ is a C₆₋₁₆ linear or branched alkylene group.

[7] The alkyldiphenylmethane compound according to any one of [1] to[6], wherein R¹⁵ is a single bond or a methylene group, and R¹⁶, R¹⁷,and R¹⁸ are each independently a methylene group.

[8] A protective agent for a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, an aminogroup, an amide group, or a mercapto group, comprising analkyldiphenylmethane compound according to any one of [1] to [7].

Effects of the Invention

A compound in which a functional group is protected by analkyldiphenylmethane compound (1) of the present invention readilybecomes liquid and has an increased solubility in a solvent, which leadsto easy separation and purification after a reaction.

If insolubilization or solidification of raw materials or intermediatesis an obstacle in a process of producing various chemicals such asmedicines and agrochemicals, such problems can be solved by bonding thealkyldiphenylmethane compound (1) of the present invention to the rawmaterials or the intermediate compounds to increase liquidity andsolubility thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

An alkyldiphenylmethane compound of the present invention represented bygeneral formula (1) is characterized in that at least one of R¹ to R¹⁰has a structure represented by formula (2). Such a structure facilitatesliquefaction of a compound protected with the alkyldiphenylmethanecompound (1) and significantly increases solubility in a solvent.

In general formula (1), Y represents —OR¹⁹ (wherein R¹⁹ represents ahydrogen atom or an active ester-type protecting group), —NHR²⁰ (whereinR²⁰ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ linear or branched alkyl group,or an aralkyl group), isocyanate group, an azide group, or a halogenatom. Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a bromineatom, a chlorine atom, and an iodine atom.

Examples of the active ester-type protecting group include an activeester-type carbonyl group and an active ester-type sulfonyl group.Examples of the active ester-type carbonyl group include a carbonyloxysuccinimide, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, and anaralkyloxy carbonyl group, and more preferred is, for example, acarbonyloxy succinimide.

Examples of the active ester-type sulfonyl group include analkylsulfonyl group and an arylsulfonyl group, and more preferred are,for example, a C₁-C₆ alkylsulfonyl group and a p-toluenesulfonyl group.

Y is preferably —OR¹⁹ (wherein R¹⁹ represents a hydrogen atom), —NHR²⁰(wherein R²⁰ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ linear or branched alkylgroup, or an aralkyl group), or an isocyanate group.

Z represents a C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl group, an alkenyl group, ora cycloalkyl group. Examples of the C₁₋₄ alkyl group include a methylgroup, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butylgroup, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group.Inter alia, preferred is a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, and more preferred is amethyl group.

Examples of the alkenyl group include a C₂₋₄ alkenyl group such as anethenyl group, a 1-propenyl group, a 2-propenyl group, an isopropenylgroup, and a 3-butenyl group. Inter alia, preferred is an isopropenylgroup.

As the cycloalkyl group, preferred is a C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl group, andexamples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, acyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group. Inter alia, preferred are acyclobutyl group and a cyclohexyl group.

The alkyldiphenylmethane compound of the present invention refers to agroup in which at least one of R¹ to R¹⁰ is represented by formula (2).Inter alia, preferred is a group in which 1 to 4 of R¹ to R¹⁰ arerepresented by formula (2), more preferred is a group in which 2 of R¹to R¹⁰ are represented by formula (2).

The others are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, aC₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group. Examples of the other halogenatoms represented by R¹ to R¹⁰ include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom,and a bromine atom. Inter alia, preferred is a chlorine atom. Examplesof the other C₁₋₄ alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group,an n-propyloxy group, an isopropyloxy group, and an n-butyloxy group.Inter alia, preferred are a methoxy group and an ethoxy group. Examplesof the C₁₋₄ alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, ann-propyl group, an isopropyl group, and an n-butyl group. Inter alia,preferred are a methyl group and an ethyl group.

More preferred is a group in which at least one of R¹ to R⁵ and at leastone of R⁶ to R¹⁰ are each independently a group represented by formula(2) and the others are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkylgroup, or a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group. Even more preferred is a group in which 1to 3 of R¹ to R⁵ and 1 to 3 of R⁶ to R¹⁰ are each independently a grouprepresented by formula (2) and the others are each independently ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group.

R¹¹ represents a C₁₋₁₆ linear or branched alkylene group. The alkylenegroup is preferably a C₂₋₁₆ linear or branched alkylene group, morepreferably a C₆₋₁₆ linear or branched alkylene group, and even morepreferably a C₈₋₁₄ linear or branched alkylene group. Specific examplesof the alkylene group include a methylene group, an ethylene group, atrimethylene group, a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, ahexamethylene group, a heptamethylene group, an octamethylene group, anonamethylene group, a decamethylene group, an undecamethylene group, adodecamethylene group, and a tetradecamethylene group.

X represents O or CONR²¹.

Herein, R²¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, and ispreferably a hydrogen atom.

X is preferably O or CONH.

The letter A represents a group represented by formula (3), (4), (5),(6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), or (13). R¹², R¹³, and R¹⁴ may bethe same or different and each independently represent a C₁₋₆ linear orbranched alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group. Herein,examples of the C₁₋₆ alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group,an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutylgroup, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, and ann-hexyl group. Inter alia, preferred is a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, and morepreferred are a methyl group, tert-butyl group, and an isopropyl group.

Examples of the optionally substituted aryl group include a C₆₋₁₀ arylgroup. Specific examples include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group,each optionally substituted with a C₁₋₃ alkyl group. Inter alia, morepreferred is a phenyl group.

R¹⁵ represents a single bond or a C₁₋₃ linear or branched alkylenegroup. Examples of the C₁₋₃ linear or branched alkylene group include amethylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, and apropylene group. As R¹⁵, preferred is a single bond.

R¹⁶, R¹⁷, and R¹⁰ each independently represent a C₁₋₃ linear or branchedalkylene group. Examples of the C₁₋₃ linear or branched alkylene groupinclude a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group, anda propylene group. Inter alia, preferred is a methylene group.

More preferably, R¹⁵ is a single bond or a methylene group, and R¹⁶,R¹⁷, and R¹⁸ are each independently a methylene group.

Even more preferred is a compound represented by general formula (1) inwhich Y is —OR¹⁹ (wherein R¹⁹ represents a hydrogen atom) or —NHR²⁰(wherein R²⁰ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ linear or branched alkylgroup, or an aralkyl group); Z is a C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl group;at least one, and preferably 1 to 3, of R¹ to R⁵ is a group representedby formula (2), at least one, and preferably 1 to 3, of R⁶ to R¹⁰ is agroup represented by formula (2), and the others are each independentlya hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group; R¹¹ is aC₂₋₁₆ linear or branched alkylene group; R¹⁵ is a single bond or amethylene group; and R¹⁶, R¹⁷, and R¹⁹ are each independently amethylene group.

Still more preferred is a compound in which, in formula (2), R¹¹ is aC₆₋₁₆ linear or branched alkyl group; X is O or CONH; A is a grouprepresented by formula (3) or (13); R¹², R¹³, and R¹⁴ are the same ordifferent and each independently represent a C₁₋₄ alkyl group; R¹⁵ is asingle bond; and R¹⁶, R¹⁷, and R¹⁸ are each independently a methylenegroup.

Herein, specific examples of those to which a group represented byformula (2) is bonded are shown below.

wherein R^(3b) and R^(8b) each independently represent a hydrogen atom,a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group, and Y, Z, A, X, and R¹¹ arethe same as defined above.

Specific examples of the alkyldiphenylmethane compound (1) of thepresent invention include the following (a) to (e). In (a) to (e), Yrepresents —OR¹⁹ (wherein R¹⁹ represents a hydrogen atom) or —NHR²⁰(wherein R²⁰ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ linear or branched alkylgroup, or an aralkyl group), and Z represent a C₁₋₄ linear or branchedalkyl group.

(a) TIPS2-Type-PP Protective Agent

Herein, R^(a) represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄alkoxy group, and Y and Z are the same as defined above.

(b) TIPS2-Type-OO Protective Agent

Herein, R^(a) represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄alkoxy group, and Y and Z are the same as defined above.

(c) TIPS3-Type-OPP Protective Agent

Herein, R^(a) represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄alkoxy group, and Y and Z are the same as defined above.

(c) TIPS4-Type-PP Protective Agent

Herein, R^(a) represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄alkoxy group, and Y and Z are the same as defined above.

(d) TIPS6-Type-PP Protective Agent

Herein, R^(a) represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄alkoxy group, and Y and Z are the same as defined above.

(e) TBDPS2-Type-PP Protective Agent

Herein, R^(a) represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₁₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄alkoxy group, and Y and Z are the same as defined above.

The alkyldiphenylmethane compound (1) of the present invention can beproduced, for example, according to the following reaction scheme.

Herein, Hal represents a halogen atom, at least one of R^(1a) to R^(10a)represents a hydroxy group and the others each independently represent ahydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄ alkoxygroup, B represents an amino acid having a mercapto group or an aminoacid derivative having a mercapto group, E represents a compound havinga —CONH— group, M represents MgBr, MgCl, MgI, or Li, and R¹ to R¹⁰, R²⁰,X, Z, and A are the same as defined above.

A silyloxylated alkyl halide (14) is reacted with a diphenylketone (15)to give a silyloxy diphenylketone (16), and subsequently the silyloxydiphenylketone (16) is reacted with an organic metal reagent to give acompound (1a). Then, the compound (1a) is azidated to give an azidecompound (1e), and the azide group is subjected to Staudinger reactionto afford an alkyldiphenylmethane compound (1b) having an amino group.The alkyldiphenylmethane compound (1a) having a hydroxy group is reactedwith a compound having a carboxamide group to afford a compound (17).The alkyldiphenylmethane compound (1a) having a hydroxy group ishalogenated to give an alkyldiphenylmethane compound (1c) having ahalogen atom, and then the alkyldiphenylmethane compound (1c) is reactedwith an amine represented by R²⁰—NH₂ to afford a compound (1f). Thealkyldiphenylmethane compound (1a) having a hydroxy group is reactedwith an amino acid having a mercapto group or an amino acid derivativehaving a mercapto group to afford a compound (1d).

Further, the silyloxylated alkyl halide (14) is reacted with adiphenylmethane derivative (21) to give a silyloxy diphenylmethane (20),the silyloxy diphenylmethane (20) is reacted with carbon dioxide to givea compound (22), and then the compound (22) is reacted with ahalogenated methyl for protecting a carboxy group to afford a compound(19). Then, the compouond (19) is reacted with a Hal-Z to give analkyldiphenylmethane compound (1i) having an ester group. Alternatively,the alkyldiphenylmethane compound (1i) is produced by the reaction ofthe silyloxylated alkyl halide (14) with an alkyldiphenylmethyl ester(18). The ester (1i) is subjected to hydrolysis to give a carboxylicacid (1h), and the carboxylic acid (1h) is subjected to Curtiusrearrangement reaction to afford an isocyanate compound (1g) and thealkyldiphenylmethane compound (1b) having an amino group. Meanwhile, theisocyanate compound (1g) is reacted with a compound having a carboxygroup to give a compound (17).

The silyloxylated alkyl halide (14) as a raw material can be producedby, for example, reacting a halogenated alcohol with a silylation agentin the presence of a base. Examples of the halogen atom in formula (14)include a bromine atom.

Examples of the silylation agent used in the above reaction includetriisopropylsilyl chloride (TIPSCl), triisopropylsilyl bromide,triisopropylsilyl iodide, methanesulfonyl triisopropylsilyl,trifluoromethanesulfonyl isopropylsilyl, p-toluenesulfonyltriisopropylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylchlorosilane (TBDPSCl), andtert-butyldimethylchlorosilane (TBSCl).

Examples of the base include organic bases such as TEA, DIPEA, DBU,diazabicyclononene (DBN), DABCO, imidazole, N-methyl imidazole,N,N-dimethyl aniline, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, DMAP, LDA, NaOAc, MeONa,MeOK, lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LHMDS), and sodiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amide (NaHMDS); and inorganic bases such as Na₂CO₃,NaHCO₃, NaH, NaNH₂, K₂CO₃, and Cs₂CO₃.

Examples of the solvent include hydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane;ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, cyclopentyl methylether (CPME), tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; nitriles such asacetonitrile; amides such as dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide,and hexamethylphosphoramide; sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide;lactams such as N-methylpyrrolidone; halogenated hydrocarbons such aschloroform and dichloromethane; and aromatic hydrocarbons such astoluene and xylene; or a mixed solvent thereof.

The reaction may be carried out, for example, at 0° C. to 100° C. for 1to 24 hours.

The reaction between the silyloxylated alkyl halide (14) and thecompound (15), (18), or (21) is preferably carried out in the presenceof a base.

Examples of the base used in the above reaction include organic basessuch as TEA, DIPEA, DBU, DBN, DABCO, imidazole, N-methyl imidazole,N,N-dimethyl aniline, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, DMAP, LDA, NaOAc, MeONa,MeOK, lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LHMDS), and sodiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amide (NaHMDS); and inorganic bases such as Na₂CO₃,NaHCO₃, NaH, K₂CO₃, and Cs₂CO₃.

Examples of the solvent include hydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane;ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, CPME, tetrahydrofuran,and dioxane; nitriles such as acetonitrile; amides such as DMF,dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoramide; sulfoxides such asdimethylsulfoxide; lactams such as N-methylpyrrolidone; halogenatedhydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; and aromatichydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; or a mixed solvent thereof.

The reaction may be carried out, for example, at 40° C. to 150° C. for 1to 24 hours.

Examples of the method for producing the compound (1a) from the compound(16) include a method comprising allowing the compound (16) to reactwith an organic metal reagent M-Z.

Examples of the organic metal reagent include a Grignard reagent whichcan be prepared from a Hal-Z and a lithium reagent. Examples of thesolvent include ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, CPME,tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene andxylene; and halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform anddichloromethane; or a mixed solvent thereof. The reaction is preferablycarried out, for example, at −78° C. to 100° C. for 1 to 48 hours.

The method for azidation of the hydroxy group in the compound (1a) ispreferably a method comprising allowing the compound (1a) to react withdiphenylphosphoryl azide or bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphoryl azide in thepresence of a base.

Examples of the base include organic bases such as DBU, DBN, TEA, DIPEA,and DABCO. Examples of the solvent include hydrocarbons such as hexaneand heptane; ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, CPME,tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; and aromatic hydrocarbons such as tolueneand xylene; or a mixed solvent thereof. The reaction may be carried out,for example, at 0° C. to 100° C. for 0.5 to 144 hours.

Examples of the method for reducing the azide compound (1e) to the aminecompound (1b) include Staudinger reaction comprising allowing the azidecompound (1e) to react with triphenylphosphine in the presence of wateror a catalytic reduction. Inter alia, preferred is the Staudingerreaction.

Examples of the solvent for the Staudinger reaction include hydrocarbonssuch as hexane and heptane; ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropylether, CPME, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; and aromatic hydrocarbonssuch as toluene and xylene; or a mixed solvent thereof. The reaction maybe carried out, for example, at 20° C. to 100° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

Examples of the reaction between the compound (1a) and the compoundhaving a carboxamide group include a reaction in the presence of an acidcatalyst.

Examples of the compound having a carboxamide group or a —OCONH₂ groupinclude Fmoc-NH₂, ethyl carbamate, isopropyl carbamate, AcNH₂, HCONH₂,Cbz-NH₂, CF₃CONH₂, and Fmoc-amino acid-NH₂. Examples of the acidcatalyst include acids such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid,methanesulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloricacid, and sulfuric acid. Examples of the solvent include hydrocarbonssuch as hexane and heptane; ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropylether, CPME, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; aromatic hydrocarbons such astoluene and xylene; and halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform anddichloromethane; or a mixed solvent thereof. The reaction may be carriedout, for example, at 20° C. to 150° C. for 0.5 to 48 hours.

The compound (1c) can be produced from the compound (1a), for example,by allowing the compound (1a) to react with a halogenating agent in thepresence of a base.

Examples of the halogenating agent include thionyl chloride, acetylchloride, acetyl bromide, triphenylphosphine/carbon tetrachloride, andtriphenylphosphine/carbon tetrachloride.

Examples of the base include organic bases such as pyridine, TEA, DBU,DBN, DIPEA, and DABCO.

Examples of the solvent include hydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane;ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, CPME, tetrahydrofuran,and dioxane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene;halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; anddimethylformamide (DMF); or a mixed solvent thereof. The reaction may becarried out, for example, at 0° C. to 100° C. for 0.5 to 24 hours.

The reaction between the compound (1a) and the amino acid derivativehaving a mercapto group is preferably a method comprising allowing thecompound (1a) to react with an amino acid having a mercapto group or anamino acid derivative having a mercapto group in the presence of an acidcatalyst.

Examples of the amino acid having a mercapto group include cysteine,homocysteine, mercaptonorvaline, and mercaptonorleucine. Examples of theamino acid derivative having a mercapto group include the above aminoacids in which N terminals of the compounds are N-methylated; the aboveamino acids in which N terminals of the compounds are each protectedwith, for example, a benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz or Z) group, afluorenylmethoxycarbony (Fmoc) group, an acetyl (Ac) group, a benzylgroup, an allyl group, an allyloxycarbonyl (Aloc) group, a2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Ns) group, a 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl (DNs)group, and a 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Nos) group; the above amino acidsin which C terminals of the compounds are each protected with, forexample, an amide group, a methyl ester group, an ethyl ester group, atert-butyl ester group, a benzyl ester group, and an allyl ester group;and the above amino acids in which both N terminals and C terminals areeach protected with the above protecting groups.

Examples of the acid catalyst include acids such astrifluoromethanesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluene sulfonicacid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Examples of thesolvent include hydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane; ethers such asdiethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, CPME, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane;aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; and halogenatedhydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; or a mixed solventthereof. The reaction may be carried out, for example, at 20° C. to 150°C. for 0.5 to 24 hours.

The compound (1f) can be produced from the compound (1c), for example,by allowing the compound (1c) to react with an amine represented byR²⁰—NH₂ in the presence of a base.

Examples of the base include tertiary amines such as diisopropyl amineand triethyl amine. Examples of the solvent include hydrocarbons such ashexane and heptane; ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether,CPME, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; aromatic hydrocarbons such astoluene and xylene; and halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform anddichloromethane; or a mixed solvent thereof. The reaction may be carriedout, for example, at 0° C. to 100° C. for 0.5 to 24 hours.

The compound (22) can be produced from the compound (20), for example,by allowing the compound (20) to react with carbon dioxide in thepresence of a base.

Examples of the base include organic bases such as LDA, methyllithium,n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium, lithiumhexamethyldisilazide (LHMDS), and sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide(NaHMDS); and inorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃,NaH, K₂CO₃, and Cs₂CO₃. Examples of the solvent include hydrocarbonssuch as hexane and heptane; ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropylether, CPME, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; ketones such as acetone andmethyl ethyl ketone; amides such as DMF, dimethylacetamide, andhexamethylphosphoramide; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide; lactamssuch as N-methylpyrrolidone; and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene;or a mixed solvent thereof. The reaction may be carried out, forexample, at −78° C. to 80° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

The compound (19) can be produced from the compound (22), for example,by allowing the compound (22) to react with a halogenated methyl in thepresence of a base.

Examples of the base include organic bases such as TEA, DIPEA, DBU, DBN,DABCO, imidazole, N-methyl imidazole, N,N-dimethyl aniline, pyridine,2,6-lutidine, DMAP, LDA, NaOAc, MeONa, MeOK, lithiumhexamethyldisilazide (LHMDS), sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (NaHMDS),and lithium diisopropylamide; and inorganic bases such as LiOH, NaOH,KOH, Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, NaH, K₂CO₃, and Cs₂CO₃. Examples of the solventinclude hydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane; ethers such as diethylether, diisopropyl ether, CPME, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; nitrilessuch as acetonitrile; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone;amides such as DMF, dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoramide;sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide; lactams such asN-methylpyrrolidone; and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene andxylene; or a mixed solvent thereof. The reaction may be carried out, forexample, at 0° C. to 100° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

The compound (1i) can be produced from the compound (19), for example,by allowing the compound (19) to react with a Hal-Z in the presence of abase.

Examples of the base include organic bases such as TEA, DIPEA, DBU, DBN,DABCO, imidazole, N-methyl imidazole, N,N-dimethyl aniline, pyridine,2,6-lutidine, DMAP, LDA, NaOAc, MeONa, MeOK, lithiumhexamethyldisilazide (LHMDS), sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (NaHMDS),lithium diisopropylamide, n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, andtert-butyllithium; and inorganic bases such as LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Na₂CO₃,NaHCO₃, NaH, K₂CO₃, and Cs₂CO₃. Examples of the solvent includehydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane; ethers such as diethyl ether,diisopropyl ether, CPME, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; nitriles such asacetonitrile; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; amidessuch as DMF, dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoramide; sulfoxidessuch as dimethyl sulfoxide; lactams such as N-methylpyrrolidone; andaromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; or a mixed solventthereof. The reaction may be carried out, for example, at −78° C. to100° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

The compound (1h) can be produced from the compound (1i), for example,by allowing the compound (1i) to react with water in the presence of abase.

Examples of the base include LDA, NaOAc, MeONa, MeOK, LiOH, NaOH, KOH,Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, NaH, K₂CO₃, and Cs₂CO₃. Examples of the solvent includehydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane; ethers such as diethyl ether,diisopropyl ether, CPME, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; nitriles such asacetonitrile; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; amidessuch as DMF, dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoramide; sulfoxidessuch as dimethyl sulfoxide; lactams such as N-methylpyrrolidone;halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane;aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; alcohols such asmethanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; and water; or a mixed solventthereof. The reaction may be carried out, for example, at 20° C. to 100°C. for 1 to 24 hours.

The compound (1g) can be produced from the compound (1h), for example,by subjecting the compound (1h) to Curtius rearrangement reaction usingan azidation reagent in the presence of a base.

Examples of the azidation reagent include organic azidation reagentssuch as diphenylphosphoryl azide or bis(p-nitrophenyl)azidophosphonate;and azide salts such as sodium azide.

Examples of the base include organic bases such as TEA, DIPEA, DBU, DBN,DABCO, imidazole, N-methyl imidazole, N,N-dimethyl aniline, pyridine,2,6-lutidine, DMAP, LDA, lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LHMDS), andsodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (NaHMDS); and inorganic bases such asNa₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, NaH, K₂CO₃, and Cs₂CO₃. Examples of the solvent includehydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane; ethers such as diethyl ether,diisopropyl ether, CPME, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; nitriles such asacetonitrile; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; amidessuch as DMF, dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoramide; sulfoxidessuch as dimethyl sulfoxide; lactams such as N-methylpyrrolidone; andaromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; or a mixed solventthereof. The reaction may be carried out, for example, at 20° C. to 120°C. for 1 to 24 hours.

The compound (1b) can be produced from the compound (1g), for example,by allowing the compound (1g) to react with water in the presence of abase.

Examples of the base include organic bases such as TEA, DIPEA, DBU, DBN,DABCO, imidazole, N-methyl imidazole, N,N-dimethyl aniline, pyridine,2,6-lutidine, DMAP, and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide; an inorganic basessuch as NaOAc, Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, NaH, K₂CO₃, and Cs₂CO₃. Examples of thesolvent include hydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane; ethers such asdiethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, CPME, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane;nitriles such as acetonitrile; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethylketone; amides such as DMF, dimethylacetamide, andhexamethylphosphoramide; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide; lactamssuch as N-methylpyrrolidone; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroformand dichloromethane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene;and water; or a mixed solvent thereof. The reaction may be carried out,for example, at 20° C. to 120° C. for 1 to 24 hours.

The compound (17) can be produced from the isocyanate compound (1g), forexample, by allowing the isocyanate compound (1g) to react with acompound having a carboxylic acid in the presence of a Lewis acid or abase under a heating condition.

Examples of the compound having a carboxylic acid include N-protectedamino acids such as Fmoc-amino acid-OH. Examples of the Lewis acidinclude inorganic salts such as magnesium perchlorate. Examples of thebase include organic bases such as TEA, DIPEA, DBU, DBN, DABCO, N-methylimidazole, N,N-dimethyl aniline, pyridine, 2,6-lutidine, and DMAP.Examples of the solvent include ethers such as diethyl ether,diisopropyl ether, CPME, tetrahydrofuran, and dioxane; nitriles such asacetonitrile; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; amidessuch as DMF, dimethylacetamide, and hexamethylphosphoramide; sulfoxidessuch as dimethyl sulfoxide; lactams such as N-methylpyrrolidone;halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; andaromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene; or a mixed solventthereof. The reaction may be carried out, for example, at 20° C. to 120°C. for 1 to 24 hours.

The alkyldiphenylmethane compound (1) of the present invention can beused as a protective agent for a functional group such as a carboxygroup, a hydroxy group, an amino group, an amide group, or a mercaptogroup. A compound in which a carboxy group, a hydroxy group, an aminogroup, an amide group, or a mercapto group is protected with thealkyldiphenylmethane compound (1) of the present invention ischaracterized by increased liquidity and solubility in a solvent. Thus,a compound in which a functional group is protected with thealkyldiphenylmethane compound (1) of the present invention as aprotective agent becomes liquid, and can be separated and purified by anoperation such as liquid-liquid phase separation. In addition, aprotecting group obtained by using the inventive compound can be easilyeliminated by an acid or catalytic reduction.

The compound, which can be protected by the alkyldiphenylmethanecompound (1) of the present invention, may be a compound having acarboxy group, a hydroxy group, an amino group, an amide group, or amercapto group. Examples thereof include amino acids, peptides,saccharides, proteins, nucleotides, various medicinal compounds andagrochemical compounds, various polymers and dendrimers, and others.

Examples of a method for synthesizing peptides using thealkyldiphenylmethane compound (1) of the present invention as aprotective agent include a method of production comprising the followingsteps (1) to (4).

(1) The alkyldiphenylmethane compound (1) of the present invention iscondensed with a C terminal carboxy group of an N-protected amino acidor an N-protected peptide in a soluble solvent to give an N- andC-protected amino acid or an N- and C-protected peptide in which the Cterminal is protected with the alkyldiphenylmethane compound (1) of thepresent invention. Alternatively, the alkyldiphenylmethane compound (1)of the present invention is reacted with a C terminal carboxamide groupof an N-protected amino acid or an N-protected peptide in a solublesolvent to give an N- and C-protected amino acid or an N- andC-protected peptide in which the C terminal is protected with thealkyldiphenylmethane compound (1) of the present invention.

(2) The protecting group of the N terminal of the resulting N- andC-protected amino acid or N- and C-protected peptide is removed to givea C-protected amino acid or C-protected peptide.

(3) An N-protected amino acid or an N-protected peptide is condensedwith the N terminal of the resulting C-protected amino acid orC-protected peptide to give an N- and C-protected peptide.

(4) The protecting group of the N terminal and the protecting group ofthe C terminal of the resulting N- and C-protected peptide are removedto afford a desired peptide.

EXAMPLES

The present invention is described in more detail with reference toExamples below, but it should not be construed as being limited to theExamples in any way.

Example 1 Synthesis of TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-NCO

(In the above scheme, R represents —(CH₂)₁₁-OTIPS, and TIPS representstriisopropylsilyl. Hereinafter, Br—(CH₂)₁₁-OTIPS, TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-COOMe,TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-COOH, and TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-NCO represent the respectivestructures in the above scheme.)

Reference Example (1-a): TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-COOMe

In 55.0 mL of DMF, 2.50 g of methyl 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate(9.20 mmol) and 11.2 g of Br—(CH₂)₁₁-OTIPS (2.76 mmol) were dissolved,and then 5.72 g of potassium carbonate (41.4 mmol) was added to thesolution, followed by stirring at 90° C. for 3.5 hours. The reactionsolution was cooled to room temperature, 200 mL of heptane and 200 mL ofwater were added to the solution, and the solution was washed byliquid-liquid extraction. The resulting heptane layer was washed byliquid-liquid extraction twice with 50 mL of DMF and twice with 100 mLof water. The heptane layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, andthe resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography(heptane:ethyl acetate=120:0 to 45:1) to afford 7.15 g ofTIPS2-Dpm(Me)-COOMe.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ0.99-1.15 (m, 42H), 1.22-1.38 (m, 24H),1.38-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.48-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.72-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.87 (s, 3H),3.67 (t, 4H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.93 (t, 4H), 6.81 (dt, 4H), 7.11 (dt, 4H)

¹³C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ12.1 (12C), 18.2 (6C), 26.0 (2C), 26.2 (2C),27.5, 29.5 (2C), 29.6 (4C), 29.7 (4C), 29.8 (2C), 33.2 (2C), 52.5, 55.3,63.6 (2C), 68.1 (2C), 114.0 (4C), 129.1 (4C), 136.6 (2C), 158.0 (2C),176.3 ESIMS MNa⁺ 947.8

Reference Example (1-b): TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-COOH

In 10.0 mL of tetrahydrofuran, 4.63 g of TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-COOMe (5.00 mmol)was dissolved, and then 80.0 mL of isopropanol and 10.0 mL of 5.0 Msodium hydroxide aqueous solution were added to the solution, followedby stirring at 90° C. for 1 hour and then refluxing for 4.5 hours. Thereaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and concentrated underreduced pressure. The resulting residue was dissolved in 150 mL of ethylacetate, and the solution was washed by liquid-liquid extraction oncewith 150 mL of 1 N hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and twice with 100mL of water. The organice layer was concentrated under reduced pressure,and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography(heptane:ethyl acetate=40:1 to 4:1) to afford 3.21 g ofTIPS2-Dpm(Me)-COOH.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.00-1.14 (m, 42H), 1.24-1.38 (m, 24H),1.38-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.48-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.87 (s, 3H),3.67 (t, 4H), 3.93 (t, 4H), 6.82 (dt, 4H), 7.17 (dt, 4H)

¹³C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ12.1 (12C), 18.2 (6C), 25.9 (2C), 26.2 (2C),27.2, 29.4 (2C), 29.5 (2C), 29.6 (2C), 29.7 (4C), 29.8 (2C), 33.2 (2C),55.1, 63.7 (2C), 68.1 (2C), 114.0 (4C), 129.2 (4C), 136.0 (2C), 158.1(2C), 180.8 ESIMS MNa⁺ 933.8

Example (1-c): TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-NCO

In 39.0 mL of toluene, 6.38 g of TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-COOH (7.00 mmol) wasdissolved, and then 1.30 mL of triethylamine (9.10 mmol) and 2.00 mL ofdiphenylphosphoryl azide (9.10 mmol) were added to the solution,followed by stirring at 100° C. for 1 hour. The reaction solution wascooled to room temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting residue was dissolved in 180 mL of heptane, and the solutionwas washed by liquid-liquid extraction once with 100 mL of acetonitrile,twice with 100 mL of 3% sodium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution,twice with 100 mL of water, and twice with 50 mL of acetonitrile. Theresulting organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure toafford 6.24 g of TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-NCO.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.00-1.15 (m, 42H), 1.24-1.38 (m, 24H),1.38-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.48-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.72-1.80 (m, 4H), 2.03 (s, 3H),3.66 (t, 4H), 3.93 (t, 4H), 6.82 (dt, 4H), 7.23 (dt, 4H)

¹³C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ12.1 (12C), 18.2 (6C), 25.9 (2C), 26.2 (2C),29.4 (2C), 29.5 (2C), 29.6 (2C), 29.7 (4C), 29.8 (2C), 32.5, 33.2 (2C),63.6 (2C), 65.5, 68.1 (2C), 114.2 (4C), 124.2, 127.1 (4C), 138.3 (2C),158.4 (2C)

Example 2 Synthesis of TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-NH₂

(In the above scheme, R represents —(CH₂)₁₁-OTIPS, and TIPS representstriisopropylsilyl. Hereinafter, TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-NCO and TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-NH₂represent the respective structures in the above scheme.)

In 12 mL of tetrahydrofuran, 1.82 g of TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-NCO (2.00 mmol) wasdissolved, and then 6.0 mL of 10% lithium hydroxide aqueous solution and30 mL of isopropanol were added to the solution, followed by stirring at45° C. for 1 hours. Then, 6.0 mL of water was added to the solution,followed by refluxing for 1 hour. The reaction solution was cooled toroom temperature, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resultingresidue was dissolved in 120 mL of heptane, 60 mL of ethyl acetate wasadded to the solution, and the solution was washed by liquid-liquidextraction thrice with 50 mL of water. The organic layer wasconcentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue waspurified by silica gel chromatography (heptane:ethylacetate:triethylamine=19:1:0.4 to ethyl acetate:triethylamine=50:1) toafford 771 mg of TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-NH₂.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.00-1.14 (m, 42H), 1.25-1.38 (m, 24H),1.38-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.48-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.78-1.90 (m, 6H), 1.80 (s, 3H),3.66 (t, 4H), 3.92 (t, 4H), 6.80 (dt, 4H), 7.26 (dt, 4H)

¹³C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ12.2 (12C), 18.2 (6C), 26.0 (2C), 26.2 (2C),29.5 (2C), 29.6 (4C), 29.7 (4C), 29.8 (2C), 32.4, 33.2 (2C), 57.7, 63.7(2C), 68.1 (2C), 114.0 (4C), 127.3 (4C), 142.3 (2C), 157.6 (2C)

Example 3 Synthesis of TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-OH

(In the above scheme, R represents —(CH₂)₁₁-OTIPS, and TIPS representstriisopropylsilyl. Hereinafter, TIPS2-Dpm-C═O and TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-OHrepresent the respective structures in the above scheme.)

In 92.6 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran, 20.82 g of TIPS2-Dpm-C═O (24.0mmol) was dissolved, and the air in a reaction container was replaced bynitrogen, followed by cooling to 0° C. To the solution, 27.4 mL of 1.4 Mmethylmagnesium bromide solution (tetrahydrofuran:toluene=1:3) (38.4mmol) was gradually added, followed by stirring at 40° C. for 2.5 hours.The reaction solution was cooled to 0° C., 300 mL of 5% ammoniumchloride aqueous solution was added to the solution. The solution washeated to room temperature, 700 mL of heptane was added to the solution,and the solution was washed by liquid-liquid extraction. The resultingorganic layer was washed by liquid-liquid extraction once with 200 mL ofwater and once with 150 mL of acetonitrile. The organic layer wasconcentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue waspurified by silica gel chromatography (heptane:ethyl acetate=50:1 to8:1) to afford 16.90 g of TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-OH.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, Benzene-d₆) δ1.05-1.1.20 (m, 42H), 1.20-1.40 (m, 24H),1.40-1.49 (m, 4H), 1.56-1.69 (m, 9H), 1.78 (s, 3H), 3.63-3.74 (m, 8H)6.88 (dt, 4H), 7.39 (dt, 4H)

¹³C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ12.1 (12C), 18.1 (6C), 25.9 (2C), 26.2 (2C),29.4 (2C), 29.5 (2C), 29.6 (4C), 29.7 (4C), 31.2, 33.1 (2C), 63.6 (2C),68.0 (2C), 75.8, 114.0 (4C), 127.1 (4C), 140.4 (2C), 158.1 (2C) ESIMSMNa⁺ 905.7

Example 4 Solubility of Peptide Derivative

Results of measurement of solubility of a peptide protected with analkyldiphenylmethane protective agent of the present invention are shownbelow.

Peptide used as model: H-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH₂

H-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH2 and H-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)) were synthesized,CPME (cyclopentyl methyl ether) was saturated with each of the compoundsat 25° C., and the solubility was measured.

As a result, merely 0.2 mM of H-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH₂ to which analkyldiphenylmethane protective agent was not bonded was dissolved inCPME. In contrast, 838 mM or more of H-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me))was dissolved, that is, the peptide derivative led to about 4,190-foldor more increase in solubility. The results demonstrate that solubilityof a peptide in an organic solvent is significantly increased byderivatization using the alkyldiphenylmethane protective agent.H-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH₂ and H-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)) represent thefollowing structures.

Example (4-a) Synthesis of H-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me))

In 4.2 mL of CPME, 377 mg of TIPS2-Dpm(Me)-NH₂ (0.43 mmol) wasdissolved. To the solution, 1.8 mL of DMF, 364 μL of DIPEA (2.14 mmol),267 mg of Fmoc-Gly-OH (0.90 mmol), 121 mg of ethyl(hydroxyimino)cyanoacetate (Oxyma) (0.85 mmol), and 366 mg of[(1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethylidenaminooxy)dimethylaminomorpholino]carbeniumhexafluorophosphate (0.85 mmol) were added, followed by stirring at roomtemperature for 1 hour. To the reaction solution, 75 mL of heptane wasadded. The organic layer was washed by liquid-liquid extraction oncewith 25 mL of 90% acetonitrile aqueous solution and twice with 20 mL ofacetonitrile. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressureto afford 455 mg of Fmoc-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)).Fmoc-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)) represents the following structure.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ1.00-1.12 (m, 42H), 1.24-1.38 (m, 24H),1.38-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.49-1.57 (m, 4H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 4H), 2.15 (s, 3H),3.66 (t, 4H), 3.84-3.94 (m, 6H), 4.19 (t, 1H), 4.38 (d, 2H), 5.46 (s,1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 6.80 (d, 4H), 7.12 (d, 4H), 7.28 (t, 2H), 7.39 (t,2H), 7.56 (d, 2H), 7.75 (d, 2H)

¹³C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ12.2 (12C), 18.2 (6C), 26.0 (2C), 26.2 (2C),27.8, 29.4 (2C), 29.6 (4C), 29.7 (4C), 29.8 (2C), 33.2 (2C), 45.3, 47.2,62.0, 63.7 (2C), 67.4, 68.1 (2C), 114.3 (4C), 120.1 (2C), 125.2 (2C),127.2 (2C), 127.6 (4C), 127.9 (2C), 137.9 (2C), 141.4 (2C), 143.9 (2C),156.7, 158.2 (2C), 167.5 ESIMS MNa⁺ 1183.8

In 78.2 mL of CPME, 15.00 g of Fmoc-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)) (12.9 mmol)was dissolved. To the solution, 29.3 mL of DMF, 7.9 mL of DIPEA (45.2mmol), 4.60 g of sodium 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (25.8 mmol)dissoleved in 21.5 mL of DMSO, and 6.8 mL of1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene (DBU) (45.2 mmol) were added,followed by stirring at room temperature for 55 minutes. After observingdisappearance of Fmoc-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)), the reaction solution wasice cooled, 11.9 mL of 4 M CPME/HCl (47.4 mmol) was added dropwise tothe solution. The solution was heated to room temperature, 7.5 mL ofCPME, 153 mL of 20% sodium chloride aqueous solution, and 131 mL of 10%sodium carbonate aqueous solution were added to the solutuion, and thesolution was washed by liquid-liquid extraction. To the resultingorganic layer, 2.4 mL of DMSO, 2.4 mL of DMF, and 89 mL of 50%dipotassium phosphate aqueous solution were added, and the solution waswashed by liquid-liquid extaction to give a mixture containingH-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)).

H-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)) represents the following structure.

To the resulting mixture, 3.5 mL of CPME, 41.4 mL of DMF, 9.0 mL ofDIPEA (51.6 mmol), 5.93 g of Fmoc-Leu-OH (16.8 mmol), 2.20 g of Oxyma(15.5 mmol), and 6.64 g of COMU (15.5 mmol) were added, followed bystirring at room temperature for 25 minutes. After observingdisappearance of H-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)), 768 μL of2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol (7.75 mmol) was added to the solution, followedby stirring for 15 minutes. To the reaction solution, 5.98 g of3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (33.6 mmol) dissoleved in 28.0 mL of DMSOwas added, 11.3 mL of DBU (75.5 mmol) and 15.0 mL of DMF were furtheradded, followed by stirring for 55 minutes. After observingdisappearance of Fmoc-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)), the reaction solutionwas ice cooled, 19.8 mL of 4 M CPME/HCl (79.3 mmol) was added dropwiseto the solution. The solution was heated to room temperature, 6.1 mL ofCPME, 283 mL of 20% sodium chloride aqueous solution, and 177 mL of 10%sodium carbonate aqueous solution were added to the solutuion, and thesolution was washed by liquid-liquid extraction. To the resultingorganic layer, 3.4 mL of DMSO, 3.4 mL of DMF, and 128 mL of 50%dipotassium phosphate aqueous solution were added, and the solution waswashed by liquid-liquid extaction to give a solution ofH-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)).

Fmoc-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)) and H-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me))represent the following structures.

To the resulting solution, 12.5 mL of CPME, 58.7 mL of DMF, 9.0 mL ofDIPEA (51.6 mmol), 7.50 g of Fmoc-Phe-OH (19.4 mmol), 2.57 g of Oxyma(18.1 mmol), and 7.74 g of COMU (18.1 mmol) were sequentially added,followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour and 10 minutes.After observing disappearance of H-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)), 1.28 mLof 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol (12.9 mmol) was added to the solution,followed by stirring for 15 minutes. To the solution, 6.90 g of3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (38.7 mmol) dissoleved in 32.3 mL of DMSOwas added, 13.0 mL of DBU (87.1 mmol) was further added, followed bystirring for 40 minutes. After observing disappearance ofFmoc-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)), the reaction solution was icecooled, 22.9 mL of 4 M CPME/HCl (91.5 mmol) was added dropwise to thesolution. The solution was heated to room temperature, 6.8 mL of CPME,294 mL of 20% sodium chloride aqueous solution, and 252 mL of 10% sodiumcarbonate aqueous solution were added to the solutuion, and the solutionwas washed by liquid-liquid extraction. To the resulting organic layer,4.6 mL of DMSO, 4.6 mL of DMF, and 172 mL of 50% dipotassium phosphateaqueous solution were added, and an organic layer was separated. Theresulting organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresulting residue was dissolved in 650 mL of heptane, and the solutionwas washed four times with 150 mL of acetonitrile. The heptane solutionwas concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting residue waspurified by silica gel chromatography (heptane:ethyl acetate=2:1 toethyl acetate) to afford 9.65 g of H-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)).ESIMS MNa^(|) 1222.0

Fmoc-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)) represents the following structure.

Example (4-b) Synthesis of H-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH₂

To a mixture of 7.0 mL of dichloromethane, 0.8 mL of TFA (10.5 mmol),and 0.2 mL of triisopropylsilane (0.98 mmol), 240 mg ofH-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)) (0.20 mmol) was added, followed bystirring at room temperature for 45 minutes. After observingdisappearance of H-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH-(TIPS2-Dpm(Me)), the reaction solutionwas concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was added dropwiseto a mixture of 10 mL of heptane and 10 mL of isopropyl ether, and theresulting precipitate was filtered. The precipitate was suspended in amixture of 10 mL of heptane and 10 mL of isopropyl ether, and theresulting precipitate was filtered. The precipitate was dried to afford91 mg of H-Phe-Leu-Gly-NH₂.

ESIMS⁺ 335.2

The above results demonstrate that solubility in an organic solvent of acompound in which a functional group is protected using analkyldiphenylmethane protective agent of the present invention issignificantly increased.

1: An alkyldiphenylmethane compound represented by general formula (1):

wherein, Y represents —OR¹⁹ (wherein R¹⁹ represents a hydrogen atom oran active ester-type protecting group), —NHR₂₀ (wherein R²⁰ represents ahydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ linear or branched alkyl group, or an aralkylgroup), an isocyanate group, an azide group, or a halogen atom, Zrepresents a C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or acycloalkyl group, at least one of R¹ to R¹⁰ represents a grouprepresented by formula (2):O—R¹¹—X-A  (2) and the others each independently represent a hydrogenatom, a halogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄ alkoxy group; R¹¹represents a C₁₋₁₆ linear or branched alkylene group; X represents O orCONR²¹ (wherein R²¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁₋₄ alkyl group);and A represents a group represented by formula (3), (4), (5), (6), (7),(8), (9), (10), (11), (12), or (13):

wherein R¹², R¹³, and R¹⁴ may be the same or different and eachindependently represent a C₁₋₆ linear or branched alkyl group or anoptionally substituted aryl group; R¹⁵ represents a single bond or aC₁₋₃ linear or branched alkylene group; and R¹⁶, R¹⁷, and R¹⁸ eachindependently represent a C₁₋₃ linear or branched alkylene group. 2: Thealkyldiphenylmethane compound according to claim 1, wherein Y is —OR¹⁹(wherein R¹⁹ represents a hydrogen atom), —NHR²⁰ (wherein R²⁰ representsa hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₆ linear or branched alkyl group, or an aralkylgroup), or an isocyanate group. 3: The alkyldiphenylmethane compoundaccording to claim 1, wherein Z is a C₁₋₄ linear or branched alkylgroup. 4: The alkyldiphenylmethane compound according to claim 1 whereinat least one of R¹ to R⁵ and at least one of R⁶ to R¹⁰ are eachindependently a group represented by formula (2), and the others areeach independently a hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₄ alkyl group, or a C₁₋₄ alkoxygroup. 5: The alkyldiphenylmethane compound according to claim 1 whereinR¹¹ is a C₂₋₁₆ linear or branched alkylene group. 6: Thealkyldiphenylmethane compound according to claim 1 wherein R¹¹ is aC₆₋₁₆ linear or branched alkylene group. 7: The alkyldiphenylmethanecompound according to claim 1, wherein R¹⁵ is a single bond or amethylene group, and R¹⁶, R¹⁷, and R¹⁸ are each independently amethylene group. 8: (canceled) 9: A method of protecting at least one ofa carboxy group, a hydroxy group, an amino group, an amide group, or amercapto group on a compound which comprises reacting the group with acompound of claim
 1. 10: The method of claim 9 wherein the compoundhaving at least one member comprising a carboxy group, a hydroxy group,an amino group, an amide group, or a mercapto group is at least onecompound selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides,saccharides, proteins, nucleotides. 11: The method of claim 10 thecompound is a peptide.